Keycloak Production Deployment (Apache reverse proxy, systemd, MariaDB)

0) Overview & Assumptions

• OS: Ubuntu/Debian–like (systemd available)
• Web: Apache (LAMPP is fine)
• DB: MariaDB/MySQL on the same host
• Public host: auth.holidaylandmark.com
• Local Keycloak install dir: /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com
• Keycloak listens only on localhost:8080; Apache serves 80/443
• Your other PHP projects in /opt/lampp/htdocs remain unaffected

1) Install prerequisites (once)

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y openjdk-21-jre-headless mariadb-server apache2
# Optional (if you’ll enable HTTPS now)
sudo apt install -y certbot python3-certbot-apache

Why: Java 21 is recommended; Apache fronts Keycloak; MariaDB stores realms/users.

2) Database: create schema & user (least privilege)

sudo mysql -e "CREATE DATABASE keycloak CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;"
sudo mysql -e "CREATE USER 'kc_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'REPLACE_Strong_DB_Password!';"
sudo mysql -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keycloak.* TO 'kc_user'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"

3) Install Keycloak under /opt (not under htdocs)

If you already extracted Keycloak and placed files under /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com, skip to Step 4.

sudo mkdir -p /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com
# Copy/unzip your Keycloak distribution into this folder so that:
#  /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com/bin/kc.sh   exists

4) Create a dedicated service user and set ownership

id keycloak || sudo useradd --system --home /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com --shell /usr/sbin/nologin --user-group keycloak
sudo chown -R keycloak:keycloak /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com
sudo chmod +x /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com/bin/kc.sh

Why: Run as non-root for security. The keycloak user will own only its folder.

5) Configure Keycloak (conf/keycloak.conf)

Create or edit /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com/conf/keycloak.conf:

# ---------- Database ----------
db=mariadb
db-url=jdbc:mariadb://127.0.0.1:3306/keycloak
db-username=kc_user
db-password=REPLACE_Strong_DB_Password!
db-pool-initial-size=5
db-pool-min-idle=5
db-pool-max-size=25
db-pool-prefill=true

# ---------- HTTP / Proxy ----------
http-enabled=true
http-port=8080
proxy=edge
proxy-headers=xforwarded

# ---------- Public Hostname ----------
hostname=auth.holidaylandmark.com
hostname-strict=true
hostname-strict-backchannel=true

# If you want Keycloak under a path instead of domain root:
# http-relative-path=/auth

# ---------- Cache/health/logging ----------
cache=local
health-enabled=true
metrics-enabled=true
log-level=INFO
hostname-debug=false

Why: proxy=edge because Apache terminates HTTP(S) and talks HTTP to Keycloak locally.

6) Bootstrap the temporary admin (first-time only)

sudo -u keycloak /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com/bin/kc.sh bootstrap-admin user --username abhishek --password abhi

Tip: After the first login, create a permanent admin and disable/delete this bootstrap account.

7) Create the systemd service (auto-start on boot)

Create /etc/systemd/system/keycloak.service exactly like your working version:

[Unit]
Description=Keycloak Server
After=network.target mariadb.service mysql.service

[Service]
Type=simple
User=keycloak
Group=keycloak
WorkingDirectory=/opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com
ExecStart=/opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com/bin/kc.sh start  --optimized
ExecStop=/opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com/bin/kc.sh stop
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
TimeoutSec=600
Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx2048m"
# (Optional hardening)
# NoNewPrivileges=true
# ProtectSystem=strict
# ProtectHome=true
# ReadWritePaths=/opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Enable and start:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable keycloak
sudo systemctl start keycloak
sudo systemctl status keycloak
sudo systemctl restart keycloak

Expect Active: active (running). If not, see Troubleshooting at the end.

8) Apache: reverse proxy the domain to localhost:8080

VirtualHost for HTTP (port 80):

<VirtualHost *:80>
  ServerName auth.holidaylandmark.com

  ProxyPreserveHost On
  RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Proto "http"
  RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Host  "auth.holidaylandmark.com"
  RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Port  "80"

  ProxyPass        / http://127.0.0.1:8080/
  ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:8080/

  ProxyTimeout 120
</VirtualHost>

Enable modules/site & reload Apache:

sudo a2enmod proxy proxy_http headers
sudo a2ensite auth.holidaylandmark.com.conf   # if you saved as such
sudo systemctl reload apache2                 # LAMPP: /opt/lampp/lampp restartapache

Path-based option (to keep a PHP site at / and Keycloak under /auth):

• In keycloak.conf: http-relative-path=/auth
• In Apache vhost:
  ProxyPass /auth http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth
ProxyPassReverse /auth http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth

9) (Recommended) Enable HTTPS

sudo certbot --apache -d auth.holidaylandmark.com

Ensure the HTTPS vhost forwards correct headers:

RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Proto "https"
RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Host  "auth.holidaylandmark.com"
RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Port  "443"

10) Verify end-to-end

Service running:

sudo systemctl status keycloak

Keycloak reachable locally:

curl -I http://127.0.0.1:8080/

Open in browser:

http://auth.holidaylandmark.com/admin/master/console/
# or https://... if you enabled TLS

Login with your temp admin:

Username: abhishek
Password: abhi

Create a permanent admin, then disable/delete the bootstrap user.

11) Backups, updates, and operations

Backups

• DB: nightly mysqldump keycloak (keep 7–14 days).
• Config: /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com/conf/, /etc/systemd/system/keycloak.service, Apache vhost files.

Logs

• Keycloak: journalctl -u keycloak -f
• Apache: /var/log/apache2/access.log, /var/log/apache2/error.log

Health endpoints (behind proxy): /health/live, /health/ready

Upgrade Keycloak

1. sudo systemctl stop keycloak
2. Back up /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com/ and DB
3. Extract new Keycloak to a staging folder, copy conf/ over
4. Swap folders or update in place
5. sudo systemctl start keycloak → verify

12) Will this break my other LAMPP PHP sites?

No—as long as:

• Keycloak is proxied only on the auth.holidaylandmark.com vhost (or /auth path)
• You don’t put a global ProxyPass / ... in httpd.conf
• Your PHP sites continue serving from /opt/lampp/htdocs via their own vhosts/DocumentRoots

Troubleshooting (quick reference)

Get detailed logs:

sudo journalctl -u keycloak -b --no-pager -n 200

(Optional) Minimal “golden” commands to re-create quickly

# Create user & own folder
id keycloak || sudo useradd --system --home /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com --shell /usr/sbin/nologin --user-group keycloak
sudo chown -R keycloak:keycloak /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com
sudo chmod +x /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com/bin/kc.sh

# Bootstrap admin (first time only)
sudo -u keycloak /opt/auth.holidaylandmark.com/bin/kc.sh bootstrap-admin user --username abhishek --password abhi

# Install service
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable keycloak
sudo systemctl start keycloak

Abhishek Singh

I’m Abhishek, a DevOps, SRE, DevSecOps, and Cloud expert with a passion for sharing knowledge and real-world experiences. I’ve had the opportunity to work with Cotocus and continue to contribute to multiple platforms where I share insights across different domains:

• DevOps School – Tech blogs and tutorials

• Holiday Landmark – Travel stories and guides

• Stocks Mantra – Stock market strategies and tips

• My Medic Plus – Health and fitness guidance

• TrueReviewNow – Honest product reviews

• Wizbrand – SEO and digital tools for businesses

I’m also exploring the fascinating world of Quantum Computing.